So Many Cycads

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LostInJapan
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So Many Cycads

Post by LostInJapan »

It has been a really hot summer, with long dry periods. When I mean hot, I mean hot. Daily highs have been routinely at or above 35 Celsius, which is not typical of this climate historically. The July average came in at 30.0 C, matching 2013. Last summer also had record averages, and with August here now, it looks like we are not going to be out of this heat for another 5 or6 weeks, and perhaps even longer. I'm out in the garden twice a day to water - once in the morning and then again in the evening. Without this, many things would die quickly, meaning in just a few days.

That said, some plants are thriving with all the heat, notably most of the cycads. Cycads LOVE heat, the more the better as far as I can tell. Most of mine have grown their flush of fronds for the year. Sadly I can only get one flush a year for virtually all of them except Ceratozamia robusta which oddly will often throw a few fronds in the late fall/early winter. Currently my Cycas debaoensis are in full growth. The others are about finished. Here's a sample of what's going on in the garden now.

Lepidozamia peroffskyana always flushes for me every May. Here it is a few weeks ago after an afternoon rain. These fronds are really big, up to 2 meters long. They can get longer. One nice thing about this species is it DOESN'T have any spines, so it is a "friendly" garden plant. Most cycads are really spiny things, and I can't tell you how many times I've been scratched, scraped and sometimes wounded by my collection.

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A relatively dwarf species is the North American Zamia floridana, the famous coontie. I've seen large populations of these in north Florida where winter temperatures can be down to -7 C or less at times, so I thought they would be fairly cold tolerant here. I left it out one winter and every frond was gone by spring! So now it comes in for the winter. Here it is with a new flush of fronds. Not a beauty, but a cutie.

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A radically different Zamia species is Z. pseudoparasitica, the only epiphytic cycad in the world. I have two plants that were grown from seed. They are slowly becoming adult plants. These too can have big fronds, perhaps up to 3 meters long each. Mine are still young, so their fronds peak out around half that size so far. Really novel species. Native to the mountains of Panama, they are not frost resistant, but they don't mind temperatures down to 10 degrees C.

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Another North American native is Ceratozamia robusta, a large growing species from southern Mexico and Guatemala. Even though it is native to tropical forests, it is remarkably cold tolerant. It is the only species of cycad I've seen that actually can be in active growth in temperatures below 15 C. It has lovely bronze fronds in early flush, and these eventually turn a dark green. In the picture you can see the same frond in early flush, and again a few weeks later. The frond's are VERY spiny and will rip you to shreds if you're not wary.

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I also grow a few Dioon, all being natives of Mexico. Dioon edule var. edule is the most widespread and well known. I grow two forms, "Palma Sola" and another that I haven't clearly identified. Here it is just after flushing. The leaves are very stiff, almost plastic-like, but are quite lovely in my opinion. They flush with a slight pink tone, which quickly fade to a blue-green.

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One of the large growing species is D. spinulosum. It can have fronds up to 3 meters at least. I have two mid-sized specimens. This is the smaller one in recent flush. Not frost tolerant, but can handle temperatures below 10 C with no damage.

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Finally, yes, I mean it, is another look at the lovely yellow flushing form of Cycas revoluta. In the background is Dioon edule "Palma Sola", also recently in flush.

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Yes, I am a fool for cycads. Let me know what you think.
Paul S
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by Paul S »

I think they are marvellous and you have a wonderful selection, Tom. There is something very special about cycads that other groups of plants can't quite emulate.

I try to grow a few here but none are what you would call in rude health - just scraping by, really. Our exceptionally dry spring has certainly not been to their liking.
LostInJapan
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by LostInJapan »

Hey Paul, yes, I love cycads. They truly are "dinosaur plants", like Araucaria... if I had been a rich man I would have bought an estate and turned it into a Jurassic Park. Good thing I'm not rich! What cycads do you grow? I know that folks grow C. revoluta in the UK, but what about others? Macrozamia? Cycas panzhihuaensis? I've found that many can withstand near freezing temperatures provided they stay dry, and of course C. revoluta can take freezing to a point even if it is wet. Every cycad thrives in heat as far as I can tell.

Here's one of my C. panzhihuaensis just finishing its flush in June.

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Paul S
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by Paul S »

LostInJapan wrote: Sat Aug 02, 2025 11:09 pm What cycads do you grow?
Grow is a subjective term - possibly better to say 'planted out' as they don't always grow :lol: I have a few Cycas revoluta and a C. panzhihuaensis. Two Macrozamia moorei and a M. communis. Two lepidozamia peroffskyana (one is very small). An Encephalartos lehmannii and E. friderici-guilieimi. Lastly a Dioon edule. Quite often most of these will have a gap year or four but, perhaps against expectation, not the E. lehmannii or L. peroff, which make new leaves every season. This year there was NO rain when they flushed so the leaves are smaller than usual. And fewer, for some reason. I feel they would all do so much better with irrigation but, kind of a policy decision, don't.
LostInJapan
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by LostInJapan »

Wow, that is quite a list Paul. Do you grow them in the ground, year round? What average/minimum temperatures do you usually get? When in growth they need lots of water for sure. Most of mine flush once a year, but even here in "hot" southern Japan, some skip a year or even 2. The also can be pretty greedy feeders. Once the average temperature gets above 18 C I put down granular fertilizer and up the water to keep them evenly moist. That usually gets them going, but not always. I knew a grower in Florida who said that if he "pushed" the fertilizer starting in April, he could get 3 distinct flushes out of C. revoluta in a season! Of course that was before the Asian scale invasion.
LostInJapan
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by LostInJapan »

Another look at the yellow flushing C. revoluta comparing the plant today to a month ago. You can see the fronds have expanded and greened up considerably.

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Paul S
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by Paul S »

LostInJapan wrote: Sun Aug 03, 2025 9:02 pm Do you grow them in the ground, year round? What average/minimum temperatures do you usually get?
Yes, in the ground. Winter minimum is usually around -4/5C, lowest was -8C. Summer highs most years we see over 30C, highest was 40C. Rainfall is low, around 520mm/20" and that falls fairly evenly through the year historically. Recently it has been nuts - we'll get maybe 6 weeks of drought then a month's rain in a couple of days then weeks of drought again. This year's total is under 200mm so far, which isn't much!
LostInJapan
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by LostInJapan »

Three of the Cycas debaoensis are finishing up their flush. The longest fronds are approaching 3 meters.

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Chad
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by Chad »

They are astonishing!

Are they 'out' all year?

Do they take any frost?

Is seed available...?

Chad
Paul S
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Re: So Many Cycads

Post by Paul S »

^Wot he said ^ :shock:
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